JLPT N3 Grammar List - Page 2
Explore the intermediate grammar concepts for the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) N3. Each grammar point explains its meaning and formation with example sentences.
~上で (after)
After completing one step, do the next
よく調べた上で、新しいパソコンを買いました。
yoku shirabeta ue de, atarashii pasokon o kaimashita.
I bought a new computer after researching it carefully.
説明を読んだ上で、サインしてください。
setsumei o yonda ue de, sain shite kudasai.
Please sign after reading the explanation.
内容を確認した上で、申し込んでください。
naiyou o kakunin shita ue de, moushikonde kudasai.
Please apply after confirming the details.
~次第
As soon as something is ready or complete
雨がやみ次第、出かけましょう。
ame ga yami shidai, dekakemashou.
Let’s head out as soon as the rain stops.
駅に着き次第、電話します。
eki ni tsuki shidai, denwa shimasu.
I will call as soon as I arrive at the station.
詳細がわかり次第、お知らせします。
shousai ga wakari shidai, oshirase shimasu.
I will let you know as soon as I have the details.
~たて
Something has just been freshly completed
洗いたてのシャツは気持ちがいいです。
araitate no shatsu wa kimochi ga ii desu.
A freshly washed shirt feels nice.
この卵は産みたてです。
kono tamago wa umitate desu.
These eggs were just laid.
できたての料理をどうぞ。
dekitate no ryouri o douzo.
Please have this freshly made dish.
~かける・~かけ
An action has started but is not finished
飲みかけのジュースを捨てないでください。
nomikake no juusu o sutenaide kudasai.
Please do not throw away my half-finished juice.
言いかけて、やめました。
iikakete, yamemashita.
I started to say something, then stopped.
書きかけのメールを保存しました。
kakikake no meeru o hozon shimashita.
I saved an email that I had started writing.
~きり (since)
Nothing has happened since one last event
父は今朝出かけたきり、まだ帰ってきません。
chichi wa kesa dekaketa kiri, mada kaette kimasen.
My father went out this morning and still has not come back.
その店には一度行ったきりです。
sono mise ni wa ichido itta kiri desu.
I have only been to that shop once.
朝食を食べたきりです。
choushoku o tabeta kiri desu.
I have eaten nothing since breakfast.
~ところだった
Something almost happened
もう少しで車にぶつかるところだった。
mou sukoshi de kuruma ni butsukaru tokoro datta.
I nearly bumped into a car.
目覚ましが鳴らなかったら、遅刻するところでした。
mezamashi ga naranakattara, chikoku suru tokoro deshita.
If my alarm had not gone off, I would have been late.
危うく転ぶところでした。
ayauku korobu tokoro deshita.
I almost fell.
~と…た・~たら…た・~たところ (discovery)
Describe what you discovered after doing something
家に帰ると、母が来ていました。
ie ni kaeru to, haha ga kite imashita.
When I got home, I found that my mother had come over.
店に電話したところ、今日は休みでした。
mise ni denwa shita tokoro, kyou wa yasumi deshita.
When I called the shop, I found out it was closed today.
駅に着いたところ、電車はもう出たあとでした。
eki ni tsuita tokoro, densha wa mou deta ato deshita.
When I arrived at the station, I found that the train had already left.
~ほど (degree)
To such an extent that...
涙が出るほど、笑いました。
namida ga deru hodo, waraimashita.
I laughed so hard that tears came out.
目が回るほど忙しかったです。
me ga mawaru hodo isogashikatta desu.
I was so busy that my head was spinning.
声が聞こえないほど、外はうるさかったです。
koe ga kikoenai hodo, soto wa urusakatta desu.
It was so noisy outside that I could not hear voices.
~くらい・~ぐらい (degree)
So much that, or to this degree
子どもでもわかるくらい、簡単な問題です。
kodomo demo wakaru kurai, kantan na mondai desu.
It is a question so easy that even a child could get it.
動けないぐらい、おなかがいっぱいです。
ugokenai gurai, onaka ga ippai desu.
I am so full that I cannot move.
声が出ないくらい緊張しました。
koe ga denai kurai kinchou shimashita.
I was so nervous that I could not speak.
~ば~ほど
The more one thing changes, the more another does
考えれば考えるほど、わからなくなります。
kangaereba kangaeru hodo, wakaranaku narimasu.
The more I think about it, the less I understand.
野菜は新しければ新しいほどおいしいです。
yasai wa atarashikereba atarashii hodo oishii desu.
The fresher vegetables are, the better they taste.
練習すればするほど、上手になります。
renshuu sureba suru hodo, jouzu ni narimasu.
The more you practice, the better you become.
~くらい~はない・~ほど~はない
Nothing compares with this
旅行ほど楽しいものはありません。
ryokou hodo tanoshii mono wa arimasen.
Nothing is as fun as traveling.
今年の夏くらい暑い夏はなかった。
kotoshi no natsu kurai atsui natsu wa nakatta.
There has never been a summer as hot as this one.
母の料理くらいおいしいものはない。
haha no ryouri kurai oishii mono wa nai.
Nothing is as delicious as my mother's cooking.
~に比べて
Compare something with a reference point
兄に比べて、弟はよく話します。
ani ni kurabete, otouto wa yoku hanashimasu.
Compared with his older brother, the younger brother talks more.
東京に比べて、この町は物が安いです。
toukyou ni kurabete, kono machi wa mono ga yasui desu.
Compared with Tokyo, things are cheaper in this town.
電車に比べて、バスは時間がかかります。
densha ni kurabete, basu wa jikan ga kakarimasu.
Compared with the train, the bus takes more time.
~にしては
Unexpected when you consider the category or situation
初めて作ったにしては、おいしいケーキです。
hajimete tsukutta ni shite wa, oishii keeki desu.
For a first attempt, it is a tasty cake.
十月にしては、今日は暑いですね。
juugatsu ni shite wa, kyou wa atsui desu ne.
It is hot today for October.
このケーキはこの値段にしてはおいしいです。
kono keeki wa kono nedan ni shite wa oishii desu.
This cake is delicious for the price.
~わりに
Surprisingly, considering the circumstances
よく食べるわりに、やせています。
yoku taberu wari ni, yasete imasu.
They are thin, considering how much they eat.
この店は有名なわりに、おいしくないです。
kono mise wa yuumei na wari ni, oishikunai desu.
For such a famous restaurant, the food is not good.
彼は年齢のわりに若く見えます。
kare wa nenrei no wari ni wakaku miemasu.
He looks young for his age.