JapaneseJLPT
JLPT N4 grammar · Chapter 11

~ため・~ために (cause)

A result happens because of a particular cause

You'll be able to give a neutral or formal cause for an event or situation.

Illustration of the scene described by The train is delayed because of heavy snow.
Read it first

大雪おおゆきのため、電車でんしゃが遅おくれています。

ooyuki no tame, densha ga okurete imasu.

What do you think this sentence means?

The train is delayed because of heavy snow.

Why it means that

Give a formal cause

Causal ~ため or ~ために gives an objective-sounding reason, often in reports or notices. It frequently explains delays, cancellations, or difficulties.

Example

電車でんしゃが遅おくれたため、間まに合あいませんでした。

densha ga okureta tame, maniaimasen deshita.

Because the train was delayed, I did not arrive in time.

How it is built

Form and use ~ため・~ために (cause)

Use 雨あめのため and 危険きけんなため. に is optional in many causal statements. Distinguish a cause already explaining the result from purpose ために, which names a goal.

Plain verb / い-adjective+ため/Noun の / な-adjective な+ため
Examples

電車でんしゃが遅おくれたため、間まに合あいませんでした。

densha ga okureta tame, maniaimasen deshita.

Because the train was delayed, I did not arrive in time.

道みちが危険きけんなため、通とおれません。

michi ga kiken na tame, tooremasen.

Because the road is dangerous, we cannot pass.

Examples

台風たいふうのため、今日きょうは飛行機ひこうきが飛とびません。

taifuu no tame, kyou wa hikouki ga tobimasen.

Because of the typhoon, planes aren't flying today.

工事こうじのため、この道みちは通とおれません。

kouji no tame, kono michi wa tooremasen.

This road is closed due to construction.

事故じこのため、バスが三十分さんじゅっぷん遅おくれました。

jiko no tame, basu ga sanjuppun okuremashita.

The bus was thirty minutes late because of an accident.

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