JapaneseJLPT

JLPT N4 Grammar Path

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Chapter 1

8 grammar points

1
～く・～に (adverbs)Use adjective forms to describe how or when an action happens
2
～さTurn an adjective into a noun naming a quality
3
～くする・～にするMake someone or something become a certain way
4
～方The way to do something
5
～でできている・～からできているSay what something is made of or made from
6
～ような・～ように (similarity)Like or in the same way as something
7
こんな・そんな・あんなThis kind, that kind, that kind over there
8
～たち・～らRefer to a person and their group
Chapter 1 checkpointComplete this chapter’s lessons to unlock.

Chapter 2

5 grammar points

9
～こと (nominalizer)Turn an action or statement into a noun-like idea
10
～のは～ですHighlight one part of a statement
11
～というGive a name or identify what something is called
12
～という意味・どういう意味Ask or explain what a word means
13
～ということTreat a whole statement as an idea or fact
Chapter 2 checkpointComplete this chapter’s lessons to unlock.

Chapter 3

5 grammar points

14
Potential formSay that someone can do something
15
～ことができるSay that an action is possible
16
見える・聞こえるSomething can be seen or heard naturally
17
～がするNotice a sound, smell, taste, or feeling
18
～に見える・～く見えるSomething looks a certain way
Chapter 3 checkpointComplete this chapter’s lessons to unlock.

Chapter 4

8 grammar points

19
自動詞・他動詞Describe a change or someone causing it
20
～てあるSomething was done and remains that way
21
～ておくPrepare ahead or leave something in a useful state
22
～ままLeave or keep something unchanged
23
～てみるTry doing something to see what happens
24
～てしまう・～ちゃう・～じゃうFinish completely or do something regrettable
25
～てくるMove toward here or develop up to now
26
～ていくA change continues from now onward
Chapter 4 checkpointComplete this chapter’s lessons to unlock.

Chapter 5

8 grammar points

27
～始めるStart doing something
28
～出すSuddenly begin doing something
29
～続けるKeep doing something
30
～終わるFinish doing something
31
～直すDo something again to correct it
32
～やすいEasy or likely to do
33
～にくいDifficult to do
34
～づらいHard to do because it feels uncomfortable
Chapter 5 checkpointComplete this chapter’s lessons to unlock.

Chapter 6

10 grammar points

35
～ていたSomething was happening in the past
36
～ところですJust about to, in the middle of, or just finished
37
～たばかりですSomething happened only recently
38
～ことがある (occasional action)There are times when something happens
39
～中In the middle of an activity or period
40
～間Throughout the time something continues
41
～間にSomething happens within a period of time
42
～ながらDo two actions at the same time
43
～後でDo something after another event
44
～までにComplete something by a deadline
Chapter 6 checkpointComplete this chapter’s lessons to unlock.

Chapter 7

5 grammar points

45
Time span + に + frequencySay how often something happens
46
～ごとにEach time or every unit
47
～おきにAt regular intervals
48
～ずつThe same amount at a time
49
～かかる (time and cost)Say how much time or money something takes
Chapter 7 checkpointComplete this chapter’s lessons to unlock.

Chapter 8

9 grammar points

50
Quantity + もEmphasize that an amount is surprisingly large
51
～しか～ないNo more than this one limited choice
52
～ばかりNothing but the same kind of thing
53
～だけでA result comes from just one thing
54
Question word + でもAnyone, anything, anywhere, or anytime
55
～まで (even)Include something surprising or unexpected
56
～以上At least this amount or more
57
～以下This amount or less
58
～以外Everything except this
Chapter 8 checkpointComplete this chapter’s lessons to unlock.

Chapter 9

11 grammar points

59
AとBとどちらAsk which of two choices
60
～ほど～ないNot as much as something else
61
あまり～ないNot very or not much
62
なかなか～ないSomething does not happen easily
63
全然～ないNot at all
64
少しも～ないNot even a little
65
そんなに～ないNot as much as you might think
66
ほとんどAlmost all, or hardly anything
67
だいたいRoughly, approximately, or the general gist
68
ずっとThe whole time, or by far
69
Contrastive はSet one topic against another
Chapter 9 checkpointComplete this chapter’s lessons to unlock.

Chapter 10

12 grammar points

70
～たらIf or when this happens, then...
71
～と (condition)Whenever this happens, that result follows
72
～ならIf that is the situation
73
～ばIf this condition is met
74
～場合(は)In the event that something happens
75
～てもEven if something happens
76
～たらいい・～たらどうですかAsk for or suggest a course of action
77
～といいHope that something turns out well
78
～ばよかったRegret that you did not make a better choice
79
～てよかったFeel glad that something happened
80
～でも (suggestion)Offer one example without ruling out others
81
～必要があります・～が必要ですState plainly what is required
Chapter 10 checkpointComplete this chapter’s lessons to unlock.

Chapter 11

10 grammar points

82
～て・～くて・～で・～なくて (reason)Connect a situation directly to its cause
83
～しGive several supporting reasons or qualities
84
それにAdd another supporting point
85
それでShow the result of what was just said
86
～ため・～ために (cause)A result happens because of a particular cause
87
～のに (although)The result goes against what you expected
88
それでもThe result remains true despite that
89
～ために (purpose)Do something in order to reach a goal
90
～ように (goal)Act so that a desired situation becomes possible
91
～のに (for doing)For doing or useful for doing
Chapter 11 checkpointComplete this chapter’s lessons to unlock.

Chapter 12

12 grammar points

92
～そうです (appearance)It looks or seems likely based on what you see
93
～そうです (hearsay)Report information you heard elsewhere
94
～ようです (inference)It appears so from the available clues
95
～みたいですA casual way to say it seems or looks like
96
～らしいです (report)Apparently, according to what you heard
97
～らしい (typical)Just like a typical example of something
98
～と言われていますSomething is commonly said or believed
99
～かもしれませんSomething might be true
100
～はずですA result is expected from what you know
101
～はずがありませんThere is no reasonable way this can be true
102
～じゃない？・～んじゃない？Float a guess and invite agreement
103
～かなWonder aloud in casual conversation
Chapter 12 checkpointComplete this chapter’s lessons to unlock.

Chapter 13

3 grammar points

104
～かどうかWhether something is true or not
105
Question word + ～かPut an open question inside a sentence
106
～と言っていた・～と聞いたReport what a specific person told you
Chapter 13 checkpointComplete this chapter’s lessons to unlock.

Chapter 14

10 grammar points

107
Volitional form (～(よ)う)A casual let's or I will
108
～(よ)うと思いますSay what you are thinking of doing
109
～予定ですState a scheduled plan
110
～ことにするMake a decision yourself
111
～ことになるA decision or outcome comes from circumstances
112
～ことになっていますSomething is arranged or established as a rule
113
～ようになるReach a point where something becomes possible or habitual
114
～ようにするMake an ongoing effort to do something
115
だんだん・どんどんDescribe change that builds over time
116
やっと・とうとうDescribe an outcome that finally happens
Chapter 14 checkpointComplete this chapter’s lessons to unlock.

Chapter 15

3 grammar points

117
～がる・～たがるDescribe another person's feelings or desires
118
～てほしいWant someone else to do something
119
～んですがGive background before a request or question
Chapter 15 checkpointComplete this chapter’s lessons to unlock.

Chapter 16

6 grammar points

120
～てあげるDo an action as a favor for someone
121
～てくれるSomeone kindly does something for me
122
～てもらうReceive the benefit of someone's action
123
～てくれませんか・～てもらえませんかAsk someone politely to help by doing something
124
～てくれてありがとうThank someone for what they did
125
～てすみませんApologize for an action or situation
Chapter 16 checkpointComplete this chapter’s lessons to unlock.

Chapter 17

3 grammar points

126
～なさいGive a firm but familiar instruction
127
Imperative formA direct and forceful command
128
～ように言うTell or ask someone to do something indirectly
Chapter 17 checkpointComplete this chapter’s lessons to unlock.

Chapter 18

5 grammar points

129
Passive form (～れる・～られる)Say what was done and who received the action
130
Indirect passiveAn event affects someone negatively
131
Causative form (～せる・～させる)Make or let someone do something
132
～(さ)せてくださいPlease let me do this
133
Causative-passive formBe made to do something
Chapter 18 checkpointComplete this chapter’s lessons to unlock.

Chapter 19

10 grammar points

134
お～・ご～Add politeness or respect to words
135
ございます・でございますVery polite forms of ある and です
136
～でしょうかAsk a careful and polite question
137
お～ください・ご～くださいMake a respectful request or instruction
138
お～になる・ご～になるRespectfully describe another person's action
139
Special honorific verbsRespectful verbs for common actions
140
～れる・～られる (honorific)Show respect with a verb ending
141
お～する・ご～するHumbly describe your action for someone
142
Special humble verbsModest verbs for your own actions
143
～ていただけませんかCould you please do this for me?
Chapter 19 checkpointComplete this chapter’s lessons to unlock.

Chapter 20

3 grammar points

144
またはPresent alternatives in formal language
145
～とか～とかList casual examples in conversation
146
たとえばIntroduce an example
Chapter 20 checkpointComplete this chapter’s lessons to unlock.