JLPT N4 grammar · Chapter 8

～以下

This amount or less

You'll be able to set an upper boundary that is included in a number or range.

Read it first

荷物にもつは五ごキロ以下いかにしてください。

nimotsu wa gokiro ika ni shite kudasai.

What do you think this sentence means?

Please keep the luggage to five kilograms or less.

Why it means that

Include an upper boundary

～以下いか means no more than the stated amount. The upper boundary itself is included. It is common for limits and eligibility conditions.

Example

千円せんえん以下いかの本ほんを探さがしています。

sen'en ika no hon o sagashite imasu.

I am looking for a book costing no more than one thousand yen.

How it is built

十歳じゅっさい以下いか includes someone exactly ten years old. 未満みまん means strictly below the boundary, which is a different limit.

Number and counter+以下

Examples

千円せんえん以下いかの本ほんを探さがしています。

sen'en ika no hon o sagashite imasu.

I am looking for a book costing no more than one thousand yen.

十人じゅうにん以下いかで入はいってください。

juunin ika de haitte kudasai.

Please enter in groups of no more than ten.

Examples

荷物にもつを七ななキロ以下いかに減へらしてください。

nimotsu o nana kiro ika ni herashite kudasai.

Please reduce your luggage to seven kilograms or less.

六歳ろくさい以下いかの子こどもは無料むりょうです。

rokusai ika no kodomo wa muryou desu.

Children aged six and under are free.

今朝けさは気温きおんがゼロ度ど以下いかになりました。

kesa wa kion ga zero do ika ni narimashita.

This morning the temperature fell to zero degrees or below.

7 more examples in the grammar path — free for a limited time.