JapaneseJLPT
JLPT N5 grammar · Chapter 3

~ませんでした

Polite way to say “didn’t”

You’ll be able to say politely that something didn’t happen or that you didn’t do it.

Illustration of the scene described by I didn’t eat breakfast.
Read it first

朝あさご飯はんを食たべませんでした。

asagohan o tabemasen deshita.

What do you think this sentence means?

I didn’t eat breakfast.

Why it means that

Say politely that an action did not happen

Use ~ませんでした for the polite past negative.

Example

昨日きのうはテレビを見みませんでした。

kinou wa terebi o mimasen deshita.

I did not watch TV yesterday.

How it is built

Use the stem + ませんでした

Attach ませんでした to the same ます-stem used in other polite verb forms.

Verb ます-stem+ませんでした
Examples

食たべる → 食たべませんでした

taberu → tabemasen deshita

eat → did not eat

行いく → 行いきませんでした

iku → ikimasen deshita

go → did not go

する → しませんでした

suru → shimasen deshita

do → did not do

Compare

Three common uses of ~ませんでした

~ませんでした politely says that an action did not occur before now. It can deny a single action, describe an earlier habit, or report that an expected event never happened.

  • Single action not done, 昨日

    昨日きのう、映画えいがを見みませんでした。

    kinou, eiga o mimasen deshita.

    I did not watch a movie yesterday.

    昨日 places the absent action in the past.

  • Earlier habit, 前は

    前まえはコーヒーを飲のみませんでした。

    mae wa koohii o nomimasen deshita.

    I did not use to drink coffee.

    前は describes a regular pattern during an earlier period.

  • Expected event, バス

    バスが来きませんでした。

    basu ga kimasen deshita.

    The bus did not come.

    This reports that an expected event never occurred.

Examples

昨日きのうは学校がっこうを休みやすみませんでした。

kinou wa gakkou o yasumimasen deshita.

I didn't miss school yesterday.

朝あさ、薬くすりを飲みのみませんでした。

asa, kusuri o nomimasen deshita.

I didn't take any medicine this morning.

今朝けさ、顔かおを洗いあらいませんでした。

kesa, kao o araimasen deshita.

I didn't wash my face this morning.

13 more examples in the grammar path — free for a limited time.