JapaneseJLPT
JLPT N4 grammar · Chapter 11

~し

Give several supporting reasons or qualities

You'll be able to list reasons or features while suggesting that more could be added.

Illustration of the scene described by This shop is inexpensive, and the food is delicious too.
Read it first

この店みせは安やすいし、おいしいです。

kono mise wa yasui shi, oishii desu.

What do you think this sentence means?

This shop is inexpensive, and the food is delicious too.

Why it means that

Offer reasons without claiming a complete list

~し lists reasons or qualities supporting a judgment. Even a single し may imply there are other reasons as well.

Example

駅えきに近ちかいし、便利べんりです。

eki ni chikai shi, benri desu.

It is near the station, and it is convenient.

How it is built

Form and use ~し

Nouns and な-adjectives retain だ: 便利べんりだし. Polite ですし and ますし are also possible. It is useful for accumulating support rather than naming one exclusive cause.

Plain predicate+し
Examples

駅えきに近ちかいし、便利べんりです。

eki ni chikai shi, benri desu.

It is near the station, and it is convenient.

雨あめだし、家いえにいましょう。

ame da shi, ie ni imashou.

It is raining, among other things, so let’s stay home.

Examples

このアパートは駅えきに近ちかいし、家賃やちんも安やすいです。

kono apaato wa eki ni chikai shi, yachin mo yasui desu.

This apartment is close to the station, and the rent is cheap too.

時間じかんもないし、タクシーで行いきましょう。

jikan mo nai shi, takushii de ikimashou.

We don't have much time either, so let's take a taxi.

この店みせは料理りょうりもおいしいし、店員てんいんさんも親切しんせつです。

kono mise wa ryouri mo oishii shi, ten'insan mo shinsetsu desu.

The food at this restaurant is good, and the staff are kind too.

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