JapaneseJLPT
JLPT N4 grammar · Chapter 18

Causative form (~せる・~させる)

Make or let someone do something

You'll be able to describe causing, requiring, or allowing another person to act.

Illustration of the scene described by My mother has Mei eat vegetables.
Read it first

母ははは芽衣めいに野菜やさいを食たべさせます。

haha wa mei ni yasai o tabesasemasu.

What do you think this sentence means?

My mother has Mei eat vegetables.

Why it means that

Make or let someone act

The causative describes causing or allowing another person to do something. Context decides whether it means making, having, or letting them act.

Formation overview

Group 1 · Godan

う → わせる

買かう → 買かわせる

kau → kawaseru

buy → causative form

く → かせる

書かく → 書かかせる

kaku → kakaseru

write → causative form

ぐ → がせる

泳およぐ → 泳およがせる

oyogu → oyogaseru

swim → causative form

す → させる

話はなす → 話はなさせる

hanasu → hanasaseru

speak → causative form

つ → たせる

待まつ → 待またせる

matsu → mataseru

wait → causative form

ぬ → なせる

死しぬ → 死しなせる

shinu → shinaseru

die → causative form

ぶ → ばせる

遊あそぶ → 遊あそばせる

asobu → asobaseru

play → causative form

む → ませる

読よむ → 読よませる

yomu → yomaseru

read → causative form

る → らせる

乗のる → 乗のらせる

noru → noraseru

ride → causative form

Group 2 · Ichidan

remove る + させる

食たべる → 食たべさせる

taberu → tabesaseru

eat → causative form

remove る + させる

見みる → 見みさせる

miru → misaseru

see/watch → causative form

Group 3 · Irregular

special form

する → させる

suru → saseru

do → causative form

special form

来くる → 来こさせる

kuru → kosaseru

come → causative form

How it is built

Group 1 · Godan

Change the final u-row kana to the a-row and add せる. Final う uses わ: 買かう→買かわせる.

Group 1 dictionary ending→causative ending
Examples

買かう → 買かわせる

kau → kawaseru

buy → causative form

書かく → 書かかせる

kaku → kakaseru

write → causative form

泳およぐ → 泳およがせる

oyogu → oyogaseru

swim → causative form

話はなす → 話はなさせる

hanasu → hanasaseru

speak → causative form

待まつ → 待またせる

matsu → mataseru

wait → causative form

死しぬ → 死しなせる

shinu → shinaseru

die → causative form

遊あそぶ → 遊あそばせる

asobu → asobaseru

play → causative form

読よむ → 読よませる

yomu → yomaseru

read → causative form

乗のる → 乗のらせる

noru → noraseru

ride → causative form

How it is built

Group 2 · Ichidan

Remove final る and add させる. The resulting verb expresses causing or allowing the action.

Group 2 without final る+させる
Examples

食たべる → 食たべさせる

taberu → tabesaseru

eat → causative form

見みる → 見みさせる

miru → misaseru

see/watch → causative form

How it is built

Group 3 · Irregular

する becomes させる; 来くる becomes 来こさせる (こさせる). The causative then conjugates like a Group 2 verb.

する / 来る→させる / 来させる
Examples

する → させる

suru → saseru

do → causative form

来くる → 来こさせる

kuru → kosaseru

come → causative form

How it is built

Form and use Causative form (~せる・~させる)

する→させる, 来くる→来こさせる (こさせる), 買かう→買かわせる. With a transitive action, the person acting usually takes に and the object を. With an intransitive action, を often marks the person; に is also possible depending on agency and context.

Group 1 a-row stem+せる/Group 2 without る+させる
Examples

父ちちは子供こどもを公園こうえんで遊あそばせます。

chichi wa kodomo o kouen de asobasemasu.

My father lets the children play in the park.

母ははは子供こどもに野菜やさいを食たべさせます。

haha wa kodomo ni yasai o tabesasemasu.

The mother makes her child eat vegetables.

先生せんせいは生徒せいとに文ぶんを書かかせました。

sensei wa seito ni bun o kakasemashita.

The teacher had the students write sentences.