～込む
Movement inward, or a deep or sustained action
You’ll be able to interpret common compound verbs with 込む by distinguishing movement into something from deep, concentrated, or sustained activity.
暑かったので、みんなで川に飛び込みました！
atsukatta node, minna de kawa ni tobikomimashita!
What do you think this sentence means?
Because it was hot, everyone jumped into the river!
Describe movement into a space or deep immersion
Attach 込む to a verb stem to describe movement into an enclosed space (like 駆け込む, rush into) or deep absorption in a state.
みんなでバスに乗り込んだ。
minna de basu ni norikonda.
We all got on board the bus.
疲れて、ソファーで眠り込んでしまった。
tsukarete, sofaa de nemurikonde shimatta.
I was tired and fell fast asleep on the sofa.
Attach 込む to the masu-stem
Attach 込む to the verb stem (masu-stem). The compound verb conjugates as a godan verb: 込みます, 込んだ, 込まない.
彼は難しい顔をして、一人で深く考え込んでいる。
kare wa muzukashii kao o shite, hitori de fukaku kangaekonde iru.
With a troubled look on his face, he is deep in thought all alone.
入る vs 駆け込む
A plain verb like 入る just says you went in. A 込む compound joins a manner verb to movement into a place: 駆け込む = 駆ける (run) + 込む (into), so you ran in, in a hurry.
入る, go in
雨が降ってきたので、店に入った。
ame ga futte kita node, mise ni haitta.
It started to rain, so I went into a shop.
Just going in.
駆け込む, rush in
雨が降ってきたので、店に駆け込んだ。
ame ga futte kita node, mise ni kakekonda.
It started to rain, so I rushed into a shop.
Running in, in a hurry.
犬が雷の音に驚いて、ベッドの下に逃げ込んだ。
inu ga kaminari no oto ni odoroite, beddo no shita ni nigekonda.
Startled by the sound of thunder, the dog ran and hid under the bed.
列に割り込むのはやめてください。後ろに並んでください。
retsu ni warikomu no wa yamete kudasai. ushiro ni narande kudasai.
Please don’t cut into the line. Please line up at the back.
飛行機の中に飲み物を持ち込むときは、決まりがあります。
hikouki no naka ni nomimono o mochikomu toki wa, kimari ga arimasu.
There are rules for bringing drinks onto a plane.
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