JapaneseJLPT
JLPT N4 grammar · Chapter 18

Causative-passive form

Be made to do something

You'll be able to say that someone was forced or pressured to perform an action.

Illustration of the scene described by Ren was made to write an essay by his teacher.
Read it first

蓮れんは先生せんせいに作文さくぶんを書かかせられました。

ren wa sensei ni sakubun o kakaseraremashita.

What do you think this sentence means?

Ren was made to write an essay by his teacher.

Why it means that

Describe being made to do something

The causative-passive puts the person made to act at the center. It often conveys lack of choice or reluctance. The person causing the action commonly takes に.

Formation overview

Group 1 · Godan

う → わせられる

買かう → 買かわせられる

kau → kawaserareru

buy → causative-passive form

く → かせられる

書かく → 書かかせられる

kaku → kakaserareru

write → causative-passive form

ぐ → がせられる

泳およぐ → 泳およがせられる

oyogu → oyogaserareru

swim → causative-passive form

す → させられる

話はなす → 話はなさせられる

hanasu → hanasaserareru

speak → causative-passive form

つ → たせられる

待まつ → 待またせられる

matsu → mataserareru

wait → causative-passive form

ぬ → なせられる

死しぬ → 死しなせられる

shinu → shinaserareru

die → causative-passive form

ぶ → ばせられる

遊あそぶ → 遊あそばせられる

asobu → asobaserareru

play → causative-passive form

む → ませられる

読よむ → 読よませられる

yomu → yomaserareru

read → causative-passive form

る → らせられる

乗のる → 乗のらせられる

noru → noraserareru

ride → causative-passive form

Group 2 · Ichidan

remove る + させられる

食たべる → 食たべさせられる

taberu → tabesaserareru

eat → causative-passive form

remove る + させられる

見みる → 見みさせられる

miru → misaserareru

see/watch → causative-passive form

Group 3 · Irregular

special form

する → させられる

suru → saserareru

do → causative-passive form

special form

来くる → 来こさせられる

kuru → kosaserareru

come → causative-passive form

How it is built

Group 1 · Godan

Use the full causative ending ~せる, remove its final る, and add られる. Many Group 1 forms also have a shorter ~される form after the a-row stem.

Group 1 dictionary ending→causative-passive ending
Examples

買かう → 買かわせられる

kau → kawaserareru

buy → causative-passive form

書かく → 書かかせられる

kaku → kakaserareru

write → causative-passive form

泳およぐ → 泳およがせられる

oyogu → oyogaserareru

swim → causative-passive form

話はなす → 話はなさせられる

hanasu → hanasaserareru

speak → causative-passive form

待まつ → 待またせられる

matsu → mataserareru

wait → causative-passive form

死しぬ → 死しなせられる

shinu → shinaserareru

die → causative-passive form

遊あそぶ → 遊あそばせられる

asobu → asobaserareru

play → causative-passive form

読よむ → 読よませられる

yomu → yomaserareru

read → causative-passive form

乗のる → 乗のらせられる

noru → noraserareru

ride → causative-passive form

How it is built

Group 2 · Ichidan

Remove final る and add させられる. Group 2 verbs do not use the common Group 1 shortening.

Group 2 without final る+させられる
Examples

食たべる → 食たべさせられる

taberu → tabesaserareru

eat → causative-passive form

見みる → 見みさせられる

miru → misaserareru

see/watch → causative-passive form

How it is built

Group 3 · Irregular

する becomes させられる; 来くる becomes 来こさせられる (こさせられる). Keep the person made to act as the topic or subject.

する / 来る→させられる / 来させられる
Examples

する → させられる

suru → saserareru

do → causative-passive form

来くる → 来こさせられる

kuru → kosaserareru

come → causative-passive form

How it is built

Form and use Causative-passive form

Examples are 書かかせられる, 食たべさせられる, させられる, 来こさせられる. Many Group 1 forms shorten, such as 待またせられる→待またされる. Verbs ending in す normally retain the full form; do not make 話はなさされる. The result conjugates like Group 2.

Causative verb without final る+られる
Examples

一時間いちじかん待またされました。

ichijikan matasaremashita.

I was made to wait for an hour.

同おなじことを何度なんども話はなさせられました。

onaji koto o nando mo hanasaseraremashita.

I was made to say the same thing many times.