JLPT N4 Grammar Test 19

Answers and Explanations

1. 真まっ白しろ
   Explanation:

   「真っ〜」 (ma-) is an intensifying prefix attached to adjectives (especially colors). It means 'completely', 'perfectly', or 'deeply'. 「真っ白」 (masshiro) means 'pure white' or 'completely white'.

2. 開あきました
   Explanation:

   Intransitive verbs do not take a direct object. They describe an action or state that pertains to the subject itself, often marked by the particle 「が」. 「[開]{あ}く」 (aku - to open by itself) is an intransitive verb. The door (subject) undergoes the action of opening.

3. では
   Explanation:

   The particle combination 「では」 (de wa) marks a location, means, or context (indicated by で) as the topic of the sentence, often for emphasis or contrast. 「このレストランでは」 highlights that the rule about no smoking specifically applies to 'this restaurant'.

4. ていただきました
   Explanation:

   「〜ていただく」 (te itadaku) is a humble expression (Kenjougo) used when the speaker receives a favor from someone of higher status. It is the humble equivalent of 「〜てもらう」 (te morau).

5. 広ひろければ
   Explanation:

   「〜ければ」 (kereba) is a conditional form for i-adjectives meaning 'if ~'. It is formed by removing the final い from the adjective (e.g., 広い -> 広) and adding ければ. In this sentence, 広ければ (hirokereba) means 'if it is spacious'. The pattern is: i-adjective stem + ければ.

6. くれる
   Explanation:

   「〜て くれる」 (te kureru) signifies that someone (here, 父 - father) performs an action (迎えに来て - come to pick up) for the benefit of the speaker. It indicates an act of kindness directed towards the speaker. 「くださる」 is the honorific equivalent and would be used if speaking about a superior in a more formal context, not typically for one's own father when speaking to an acquaintance.

7. 風ふう
   Explanation:

   「〜風」 (-fuu) means 'style' or 'manner'. When attached to a noun or concept like 「ヨーロッパ」 (Europe), 「ヨーロッパ風」 means 'European-style'.

8. でございます
   Explanation:

   「でございます」 (de gozaimasu) is a highly polite form of 「です」 (desu). It is used to make statements in a very formal and respectful manner.

9. ばよかった
   Explanation:

   「〜ばよかった」 (ba yokatta) expresses regret. For negative regrets ('I should not have done...'), it's formed using the negative conditional: Verb (ない form, drop い) + なければよかった. 「[言]{い}う」 -> 「[言]{い}わない」 -> 「[言]{い}わなければよかった」 means 'I should not have said'.

10. ように
    Explanation:

    「ように」 (you ni) is used to express purpose, meaning 'so that' or 'in order that'. It indicates the goal or aim of an action. Here, the purpose of speaking louder is for everyone to be able to hear. Construction: Verb (potential form, e.g., 聞こえる) + ように.