JLPT N4 Grammar Test 12
Question 1
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Question 6
Question 7
Question 8
Question 9
Question 10
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Answers and Explanations
- 持てますExplanation:
The potential form expresses ability ('can do'). For う-verbs like 持つ (motsu), change the final 'u' sound (つ tsu) to its 'e' sound (て te) and add る (持つ → 持てる moteru - can hold/carry). The polite form is 持てます (motemasu). It asks about the ability to carry the luggage.
- 以下Explanation:
「以下」 (ika) means 'less than or equal to', 'not more than', or 'below'. It is used with numbers, quantities, or levels. 「18[歳以下]{さいいか}」 means '18 years old or younger'. Construction: Number/Quantity + 以下.
- 作られましたExplanation:
The passive voice is used when the subject (このケーキ - this cake) receives an action. 「作られました」 (tsukuraremashita) is the passive past form of 「作る」 (tsukuru - to make), meaning 'was made'. The agent (母 - mother) who performed the action is marked by に. The pattern is: Subject は Agent に Verb (passive form).
- とうとうExplanation:
「とうとう」 (toutou) means 'finally' or 'at last'. It's used when an expected or desired outcome is reached after a long time, effort, or process. In this sentence, it expresses that after a long search ([長]{なが}い[間]{あいだ}[探]{さが}していた), the speaker finally found a new house ([新]{あたら}しい[家]{いえ}が[見]{み}つかりました). It often implies a sense of relief or accomplishment.
- ように言いましたExplanation:
「〜ように言う」 (you ni iu) means 'to tell (someone) to do (something)'. It is used to report an indirect command or request. Construction: Verb (dictionary form / ない form) + ように言う.
- 作ってありますExplanation:
「〜てあります」 (te arimasu) is used with transitive verbs to describe a state that exists as the result of an intentional action. Here, '料理がたくさん作ってあります' (ryouri ga takusan tsukutte arimasu) means the food has been prepared (by someone) and is now in that prepared state. The pattern is: Transitive verb て-form + ある.
- にはExplanation:
The particle combination 「には」 (ni wa) is used to mark something (a time, place, or indirect object) as the topic, often for emphasis or contrast. Here, 「[朝]{あさ}８時には」 emphasizes the time by which the speaker is at the company.
- はずがないExplanation:
「〜はずがない」 (hazu ga nai) expresses strong conviction that something is not true or cannot be the case. It means 'it cannot be that...', 'it's impossible that...'. Construction: Verb (plain form) + はずがない.
- そういうExplanation:
「そういう」 (sou iu) is a demonstrative adjective meaning 'that kind of' or 'such'. It refers to something that has just been mentioned or is understood from the context. Here, B is referring to 'people who are always late' as described by A. Construction: そういう + Noun.
- で作りますExplanation:
「～で作ります」 (de tsukurimasu) means 'to make with/from ~ (material)'. The particle 「で」 indicates the material used in the creation process. 「作ります」 (tsukurimasu) is the polite form of 'to make'. Construction: Material (Noun) + で + 作ります.