JLPT N5 Grammar Test 21
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Answers and Explanations
- なくちゃExplanation:
「〜なくちゃ」 (nakucha) is an informal spoken form of 「〜なくてはいけない」 or 「〜なければならない」, expressing necessity ('must', 'have to'). It is derived from the negative form of the verb. For example, 「急がない (isoganai)」 becomes 「急がなくちゃ (isoganakucha)」. Usage: [Verb stem (nai-form base)] + なくちゃ.
- どうやってExplanation:
「どうやって」 (douyatte) asks 'how' or 'in what way' an action is performed. It inquires about the method or process. Usage: どうやって [Verb Phrase].
- のほうがExplanation:
The structure 「X より Y のほうが Z」 (X yori Y no hou ga Z) means 'Y is more Z than X'. 「のほうが」 emphasizes Y as the one possessing more of quality Z. Usage: [Noun A] より [Noun B] のほうが [Adjective].
- たことがありますExplanation:
The pattern 「[Verb-た form] + ことがある」 ([Verb-ta form] + koto ga aru) is used to talk about past experiences, meaning 'have done (something) before'. Usage: [Verb-た form] ことがある.
- があるExplanation:
The structure 「[Noun A] がある [Noun B]」 means '[Noun B] that has [Noun A]'. Here, 「ポケットがある」 (pockets exist) modifies 「シャツ」 (shirt), describing it as 'a shirt with pockets'. Usage: [Feature Noun] が ある [Main Noun].
- していますExplanation:
「〜ています」 (te imasu) can indicate a continuous action, a repeated action, or a current state resulting from a past action. 「結婚しています (kekkon shiteimasu)」 means 'is married' (a state). Usage: [Verb て-form] + います.
- それからExplanation:
「それから」 (sorekara) means 'after that' or 'and then', indicating a sequence of actions. It connects the action of washing hands to the subsequent action of eating. Usage: [Action 1]. それから、[Action 2].
- でExplanation:
「で」 (de) indicates the place where an action occurs. Here, 'eating dinner' is the action, and 'restaurant' is the place. Usage: [Place of action] で [Verb].
- がExplanation:
「が」 (ga) used at the end of a clause can mean 'but' or introduce a contrasting idea or a polite softener before declining or stating something difficult. 「都合が悪いです (tsugou ga warui desu)が...」 means 'it's inconvenient, but...'. Usage: [Statement 1] が, [Statement 2 (often implied or softened)].
- からExplanation:
「から」 (kara) means 'because' or 'so' and is used to state a reason or cause for an action or situation. Here, 'being hungry' (お腹がすいた) is the reason for 'let's go to a restaurant'. Usage: [Reason (plain form)] から [Result/Action].