JapaneseJLPT

JLPT N4 Grammar Test 34

Question 1

友達ともだちは電話でんわで([...])歩あるいています。

Question 2

引越ひっこしの前まえに、古ふるい本ほんを([...])おきます。

Question 3

A: 先生せんせい、この問題もんだいがわかりません。
B: よく聞きいて、もう一度いちど考かんがえ([...])。

Question 4

彼かれはたくさん練習れんしゅうした ([...])、試合しあいに勝かてませんでした。

Question 5

子供こどもたちが寝ねている([...])に、私わたしは本ほんを読よみます。

Question 6

田中たなかさんは来月らいげつ結婚けっこんする([...])。

Question 7

A: この問題もんだいが分かりません。
B: もう一度いちど([...])くれませんか。

Question 8

彼かれは帽子ぼうしを被かぶった([...])部屋へやに入はいりました。

Question 9

A: 田中たなかさん、少しお話はなしできますか。
B: すみません、今いま、レポートを書かいている([...])なんです。あとでいいですか。

Question 10

A: 明日あしたは雨あめですよ。行いきますか。
B: はい。雨あめ([...])行いきます。

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Answers and Explanations

  1. 話はなしながら
    Explanation:

    「Vます-stem + ながら」 (V-stem + nagara) means 'while doing V'. It indicates two actions occurring simultaneously, performed by the same subject. Remove ます from the ます-form of the verb (e.g., 話します -> 話し) and add ながら. Here, 'talking on the phone' is done at the same time as 'walking'.

  2. 売うって
    Explanation:

    The grammar ～ておきます is used to express doing something in preparation for a future event. It is formed by the te-form of a verb + おきます. 売る (to sell) is a godan verb, and its te-form is 売って.

  3. なさい
    Explanation:

    「～なさい」 (nasai) is a command form, made by adding なさい to the verb's masu-stem. It's often used by someone in a position of authority (like a teacher to a student) to give instructions or orders in a relatively gentle way. 「[考]{かんが}える」 (kangaeru - to think) -> 「[考]{かんが}えます」 (kangaemasu) -> 「[考]{かんが}えなさい」 (kangaenasai - think!).

  4. のに
    Explanation:

    「のに」(noni) expresses an unexpected outcome, meaning 'even though' or 'in spite of'. Here, practicing a lot should ideally lead to winning, but he couldn't win, which is contrary to expectation. The pattern is: Verb (plain form) + のに. 「ので」 means 'because', and 「たら」 means 'if/when'. 「でも」 used directly after a plain form verb like this is grammatically awkward.

  5. 間
    Explanation:

    「〜間 (に)」 (aida (ni)) can also mean 'while' or 'during the time that' something is happening. It indicates a period of time during which another action takes place. Construction: Verb (ている form) + 間 (に).

  6. そうです
    Explanation:

    「〜そうだ」 (sou da / sou desu) for hearsay is used to convey information obtained from others. It means 'I hear that...' or 'They say that...'. Construction: Verb (plain form) + そうだ. Here, 「[結婚]{けっこん}するそうです」 means 'I heard they are getting married'.

  7. 教おしえて
    Explanation:

    「〜てくれませんか」 (te kuremasenka) is a polite request for someone to perform an action for the speaker. Construction: Verb て-form + くれませんか. In this dialogue, B is asking A to explain or teach (教える - oshieru) something again, politely requesting a favor.

  8. まま
    Explanation:

    「〜たまま」 (ta mama) means 'as it is' or 'continuing in the same state'. It is used here because he entered the room while the state of 'wearing a hat' ([帽子]{ぼうし}を[被]{かぶ}った - boushi o kabutta) continued. The pattern is: Verb (た-form) + まま.

  9. ところ
    Explanation:

    「ているところだ」 (te iru tokoro da) emphasizes that an action is currently happening. Adding 「んです」 (n desu) provides an explanatory nuance. Construction: Verb て-form + いるところだ (+ んです). 「書いているところなんです」 (kaite iru tokoro nan desu) means 'I am currently in the process of writing (it, as an explanation)'.

  10. でも
    Explanation:

    The particle combination 「でも」 (de mo) after a noun means 'even if it's ~' or 'even in the case of ~'. It shows that an action will take place regardless of the condition mentioned. Here, 「[雨]{あめ}でも」 (ame demo) means 'even if it rains,' expressing the speaker's determination to go despite the bad weather. Construction: Noun + でも.

Go to N4 Grammar Test 33
Go to N4 Grammar Test 35