JLPT N4 Grammar Test 3
Question 1
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Question 6
Question 7
Question 8
Question 9
Question 10
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Answers and Explanations
- ばかりExplanation:
「Noun + ばかり」 means 'only N' or 'nothing but N', often implying that something is done to excess or to the exclusion of other important things. In this sentence, 「肉ばかり食べています」 (niku bakari tabete imasu) means 'eats only meat / eats nothing but meat', emphasizing this to the exclusion of vegetables.
- とかExplanation:
「A とか B とか」 is used to list examples of actions or things, implying there might be others not mentioned. It means 'things like A and B' or 'A and/or B'. In this sentence, it lists 'going shopping (こと)' and 'relaxing at home (こと)' as examples of weekend activities. The structure is often [Noun] とか [Noun] とか or [Verb-plain form + こと] とか [Verb-plain form + こと] とか.
- 欲しがっているExplanation:
「～たがる」 (tagaru), often seen as 「～がっている」 in its continuous form, is used to describe the observed signs that a third person wants something or wants to do something. 「[欲]{ほ}しい」 (want - for self) becomes 「[欲]{ほ}しがる」 (shows signs of wanting - for third person). Construction: Adjective (stem of -i adj like ほしい -> ほし) + がっている; Verb (-tai form stem like 行きたい -> 行きた) + がっている.
- なっていくExplanation:
「ていく」 (te iku), when attached to a verb's て-form, indicates a gradual change or an action that will continue progressively into the future or away from the current point. Construction: Verb て-form + いく. Here, 「[暑]{あつ}くなっていく」 (atsuku natte iku) means 'will (continue to) become hotter'.
- 予定ですExplanation:
「予定です」 (yotei desu) means 'plan to' or 'scheduled to'. It is used to talk about future plans or schedules. Construction: Verb (dictionary form) + 予定です; Noun + の + 予定です.
- てくださいましたExplanation:
「〜てくださる」 (te kudasaru) is an honorific expression (Sonkeigo) used when someone of higher status does something for the speaker. It is the honorific equivalent of 「〜てくれる」 (te kureru).
- ずっとExplanation:
「ずっと」 (zutto) is an adverb that can mean 'continuously', 'without interruption', or 'all the time'. In this sentence, it indicates that the rain has been falling for an extended period without stopping.
- やっとExplanation:
「やっと」(yatto) is an adverb that means 'finally' or 'at last.' It's used when something happens after a long wait or a period of effort. In this sentence, it emphasizes that the bus arrived after the speaker waited for a considerable time.
- 行きたがっているExplanation:
「～がっている」 (gatte iru) is used to describe the apparent feelings or desires of a third person, based on observation. It's formed from the verb stem of the -tai form (e.g., 行きたい -> 行きた) + がっている, or the stem of an i-adjective (e.g., 欲しい -> 欲し) + がっている. It implies the speaker is observing signs of this desire.
- 開いていますExplanation:
When an intransitive verb is in the 「〜ている」 (te iru) form, it often indicates a continuing state that resulted from a completed action. 「[開]{あ}く」 (aku) is an intransitive verb meaning 'to open (by itself)'. So, 「[窓]{まど}が[開]{あ}いています」 (mado ga aite imasu) means 'the window is open' (the state resulting from it having been opened). Construction: Intransitive Verb て-form + いる/います.