JLPT N4 Grammar Test 25
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Answers and Explanations
- らExplanation:
「ら」 (ra) is a suffix used to make pronouns and some nouns plural. 「彼」 (kare - he) becomes 「彼ら」 (karera - they). It's a common way to form plurals for people.
- ないでExplanation:
「〜ないで」 (naide) is the plain request form of 'please don't do...'. It's the ない-form of the verb, with い replaced by で. It's often used in casual conversation, where ください is implied or omitted. 「[行]{いか}ないで」 (ikanaide) means 'please don't go'.
- ないとExplanation:
「～ないと」 (naito) is a casual expression for 'must' or 'have to', derived from 「～ないといけない」. It's formed by taking the negative -nai form of a verb, dropping the final -i, and adding -to. 「[寝]{ね}る」 -> 「[寝]{ね}ない」 -> 「[寝]{ね}ないと」.
- 怖がっているExplanation:
「〜がっている」 (gatte iru) is formed from the stem of an i-adjective (e.g., 怖い -> 怖) + 「がる」 in its て-form + 「いる」. It's used to describe an observed, ongoing state or feeling of a third person. Here, 「怖がっている」 describes the child's current, observable fear upon seeing the injection. The pattern is: i-adjective (stem) + がっている.
- 飲んだらExplanation:
「〜たら」 (tara) is formed by adding ら to the past tense (た-form) of a verb (e.g., 飲む -> 飲んだ -> 飲んだら). It is used to express a condition ('if' or 'when'). In this sentence, 「薬を飲んだら」 means 'if you take the medicine', which is the condition for getting better. '飲むたら' and '飲みたら' are incorrect grammatical forms.
- すこしも分かりませんExplanation:
「すこしも～ない」 (sukoshi mo ~nai) means 'not even a little' or 'not at all'. It is used to emphasize a complete lack or absence. Here, it indicates a total lack of understanding. It pairs with a negative verb ending like 「～ません」 or 「～ない」. Construction: すこしも + Verb-negative form.
- ごとにExplanation:
「ごとに」 (goto ni) means 'every' or 'each'. It indicates a regular interval or distribution. In this sentence, 「5[分]{ふん}ごとに」 means 'every 5 minutes', signifying the bus's arrival frequency. It's used to express that an action or event occurs at specified, repeated intervals. Construction: Noun (representing a unit of time, quantity, etc.) + ごとに.
- 行かExplanation:
The grammar pattern is 「verb ない-form (without い) + なければなりません」, meaning 'must do' or 'have to do'. The verb is 「行く」(いく - to go). Its ない-form is 「行かない」(いかない). Removing the final 「い」 leaves 「行か」. Thus, 「行かなければなりません」 means 'have to go'.
- 押すだけでExplanation:
「Verb (plain form) + だけで」 (dake de) means 'just by doing (verb)' or 'only by doing (verb)'. In this sentence, 「押すだけで」 (osu dake de) means 'just by pressing', highlighting that only this simple action is needed for the light to turn on. The pattern is: Verb (plain form) + だけで.
- 急にExplanation:
「急に」 (kyuu ni) means "suddenly" or "abruptly." It is used here to describe the sudden onset of the headache. The speaker was fine, and then the headache started unexpectedly. Pattern: 急に + Verb/Adjective.